Information of
Denmark
Info-Stat (Web Site : http://www.lilliput-information.com ) received an invitation to give
its contribution to the 8th International
Congress of Professors’ World Peace Academy to be held in Seul, Korea,
February 2000.
The
congress intends to publish a book including the reports about the respective
countries.
Contents within the
issues:
1.
OVERVIEW
OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
2.
INTEGRATION
OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY WITH THE
GLOBAL ECO-NOMY
3.
IMPACT
OF GLOBAL ECONOMY ON NATIONAL POLITICS
4.–6. IMPACT OF GLOBAL ECONOMY ON
SOCIETY, CULTURE, THE FAMILY
7. OVERALL ASSESSMENT
8. AUTHORSHIP
The report:
Globalization and the Danish economy
Denmark, October 20th
1999
Assumptions:
Globalization has not been defined properly as an useful
concept anywhere – as far as I know. This should not take you by surprise. The
spirit of the times tells us that form
matters, contents do not. Perhaps
something like worldwide strong time- and distance-independent information,
less time-consuming cheap transmission of communication and decentral EDP
(chip-) technology are generally developing national and regional markets to a
world-wide emporium, e.g. on The Internet. Hollywood/satellite
television-channels shaping a common mainsteam socio-culture influence family
life and spiritual values. The globalization, and its centralization of power
and control that influence nations, and at the same time integration of nations
used by politicians to protect (they hope) against the impacts of the further
globalization. All together the identity of the individuals, and the structure
of population are influenced, so is mankind. Perhaps the reason is that
something in life is certainly not for sale, something perhaps cannot be
produced or consumed either.
The Impact of globalization: Has the same weakness. The impact of a phenomenon which is not
properly defined is of course a serious problem too. In fact there are at least
three reasons for that:
1. Adequancy,
unequivocability and functionality are scientific requirements to which the most newer so-called concepts
do not comply (read my first sentence again). Globalization and the impacts
of are to be judged by the following two propositions also:
2. Impact implies a before and an after or a
totally apriori knowledge of the way impacts
have an effect including the strenght of these impacts. Who has this apriori knowledge?
3. The misuse of science has at least for the last 30 years developed (or
dismantled) from "impact of"
to influence on, management and control of, e.g. from analyses and
understanding of human behaviour including economic behavior to (mental) design, influence, monitoring, and control.
On this
basis I shall try to give a reply by reporting some public (reliablely) registered indicators of
possible impacts of globalization on politics, society and family in Denmark - where public regi-stered data
are available. If these are not reliable, honest alternative private sources
have been chosen.
Statement, enclosed diagrams, figures of documentation
and foot-notes[1]
OVERVIEW OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY:
The area is
43,092 square kilometers, 5.3 mill. inhabitants including 500,000-700,000
immigrants from areas outside Western Europe and North America.[2]
In 1985 the population amounted 5.1 mill. The official information tells you
192,491 of these are foreign immigrants by 01/01/98. The new citizenships by
naturalization, and the children born by the naturalized have not been included
properly in the official accounts. In 1998 the number of naturalizations was
doubled from 5,500 to nearly 11,000 a year. This means that the annual
immigration from these areas amounting approximately 15,000 officially is
reduced to about 4,000 (15,000 minus 11,000). More than 24,000 young Danes
emigrate every year, and more than 5,000 do not return.
Uemployment, employment and labor force (see the enclosed documentation, Table 1)
The
official number of unemployed is the so-called the registred number of
unemployed. This number was 168,993
in average in 1998 (last column in Table
1 A).
The
requirements to get into the this first category, when you cannot find work,
has been tightened several times. The time you can stay in the first category
has been shortend, and the number of months you have to work and pay to be
covered by the arragement has been extended. The result is that the second and
fourth category have to increase at a higher rate. In both 2nd and 4th
category you have to look for work, and you are registered as well, but
officially not as unemployed. The period you can receive maternity benefits has been extended several times, so has the
number of public arrangements – public means: central government or local
government financed - in the fifth category, and this means more room for
temporary substitutes – they would probably have been unemployed without these
changes. Some considerable parts of the last two categories are certainly not
without the ability and the will to work either. The differences between the
official and the real number have partly been labelled “on-leave-camouflage”. The true number of unemployed was rather 600,000 1998.[3]
This number of unemployed is nearly the same, perhaps a little higher than 13
years ago.
As you
perhaps notice the difference between 600,000 and 168,993 (se Table 1 A) is not included in the labor
force. You reach an official unemployment-rate of 5.9 p.c. in 1998. If you choose to include 600,000 instead of
168,993 in the labor force (see Table 1 A)
you get a more realistic unemployment-rate of 18.2 p.c.
Production and earning (National Account):
GDP
(including the public sector) 1998: dkr. 1,166,636 mill. and GFI (including
public sector): dkr. 988,689 mill. or GDP US$ 182,003 mill. and GFI (GDP at
factor cost) US$ 154,242 mill.[4]
Public
administration and public service amount to a GFI of US$ 35,600 mill. (1998).
Figures of the private sector has been registered earlier, but the categories
has recently been changed and renamed: "Company-sector", and
"Household-sector" [5]in
the last edition of Statistical ten-year
review 1999 published by the
official Danmark’s Statistik. That
the two last categories have given problems to the registration can been seen
from fact that the last published account of details concerns 1997. In both the
"company-sector" and the "household-sector" are included
typical public financed activities. Included in the "company-sector"
are many companies where the public is strongly involved. Non-profit
institutions, most of which are partly public subsidized, are included in the
"household-sector". So you can read in a foot-note in this
publication. If you try to divide GFI further on business-lines you get
problems. The registered revenue-figures here are certainly not reliable indicators.
(see Unemployment, employment and labor force, Table 1).
We have not
used the concept growth, because among other things inflation, and the choice
of price-index number often make the results unreliable. The growth in Denmark
is officially stated to 1-2 p.c.; so is the inflation. But note that with the
existing Danish National Account a
loan-financed growth of the consumption in the public sector is registered just
like a productivity-increase in the industry.
Danish Government Borrowing and Debt
When we
read in the publication Statistical
ten-year review 1999, section National Account, the government debt
amounted to dkr. 610,596 millions or US$ 95,257 millions on 12/31/98, but if we
read in table 5.2.1 in "Danish
Government Borrowing and Debt" from the Danish central bank called
Danmark’s Nationalbank government debt amounted 567,100 millions d.kr. or about
US$ 87.8 billions ultimo 1998. Provisional
figures, differences on the account of the so-called Social Pension Fund, more
changes on the total national accounts (-method) made by the state are refered
to in footnotes in both publications. When we take some earlier editions of the
last mentioned (yearbook-) publication from e.g. the years 1998 and 1995, the
debt was accounted in net figures ultimo 1995. In footnote no. 2 of tabel 3.1.1
The Danish National Bank noticed (1995) that differences between the account of
the state and the account of the bank partly are to be explaned by
delimitations of periods. In 1998 The Danish National Bank included a
supplementary notice about the government debt: "The gross-debt of the
public sector amounts to dkr. 657,000 mill. following the Maastricht Treaty of
the European Union". This means a difference of dkr. 90 billions. About
dkr. 100,000 – 200,000 mill. debt[6]
of the municipalities, and more than dkr.100,000 mill. extra have to be added
too refering to the development of The Social Fund which was collected by
extra-taxes. This means a public Danish debt of nearly dkr. 1 trillion or US$ 156
billions [7] - almost as
much as in Russia of in Argentina.
(In the
following we mention all amounts in dkr., dkr 1= US$0.156 on 01/25/99)
Acccording
to Table 3, last column last row,
the net saving is less than 3.4 p.c. (40.1/1,166) of GDP. This figure tells its
own story of the foundation in a country without any deciding physical
ressources for development and new investment in the Technetronic Era.
"Once our surest capital-good" is dealt with in section 2.
Taxes and Expenditure-structure
Nearly 60
p.c. of GDP is collected in tax and duties to finance the activities and the
consumption of 953.000 public employees, and about 2,000,000 outside the
working force[8] including
about 1 mill. Danish pensioners and alike. We have the highest taxation of all
countries in the world. Only 30 p.c. of our economy is based on real private
arragements. The private consumption amounts 50.2 p.c but of these are more
than 20 procent-points transfer payments, measured out and allocated by the
public civil servants.
An example of taxation from this world: In Denmark you pay in average 175
p.c. duty, when you buy a new car. This means the price is added Value Added
Tax (25 p.c.) plus in average 175 p.c. car-VAT of the price. The result: You
pay 3 times the price of the car. But before you can pay the new car, you have
to earn 10 times the price of the car, because you have to pay 2/3 of your
income in income-tax.
It should
be added that the ’J. M. Keynes’ ideas about accellerating the economy by
increasing the public expenditure financed e.g. by taxation have been used
effectively by all politicians for the last 50 years. Unfortunately it was not
enough with or without these ideas. The taxation had to be increased even more
to fill the gap of interest and instalment coming form the state-debt created
systematically by these ideas.
The
immigrants from the third world living in Denmark increase the public
expenditures by an amount of officially dkr. 11 billions. Some ominous
information of this foreigner-load
was delivered by the Social Ministry. An investigation shows that 87 p.c. of
the asylum-applicants remain recipients of transfer payments – children and
pensioners not included. Another investigation from the town of Aarhus shows
that the expenditures of cash-transfers to asylum-applicants had been doubled
in five years (1993) and in 1993 they received 19 p.c. of all
social-security-transfer-payments.[9]
Now 5 years have gone again. Does it mean 38 p.c. of all
social-security-transfer-payments now? The cost (transfer-payments and service
minus tax) of the immigrant-load amounted to more than dkr. 100 billions in
1997.[10]
More than
dkr. 233 millions or more than one third of the total public budget of d.kr.
653 billions were tranfer payments in 1998.
The public finances "speed up the economy"(?)
When you
take the italicized figures
(numerical) each year and subtract the accentuated
(numerical) figures of the same year in Table
5 you get an impression not just of the running liquidity-need of the year
to finance the payments of the public budget but also the permanent need of
(loan) financing of the activities of the state with its present organization,
and the present structure of factor-allocation decided by the leaders.
Every year
a budget-deficit of 25-40 billions was meant to "kickstart" the
economy, and to finance all public ideas in the real world. In the areas, where
the unemployment is highest, subsidized
production has become the "greatest hit" here and all over Europe
in the 1990s. The surest way to total political control.
The subsidies
then turns and increases the demand on a totally false foundation. When the
subsidies are discontinued or just not further increased the activity begins to
decline and unemployment ends up at a higher level than before the subsidies
were introduced. (See: The impact of the European Agriculture-Structure-Policy
in section 3).
Former
President of the European Commission (now Bilderberger) Jaques Delors
recommends these subsidies, on-leave-camouflage and a secondary market of labor
force etc. all over Europe. In actual fact the situation is much the same in
all the 15 indebted member-states.
INTEGRATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY WITH THE
GLOBAL ECONOMY:
The value
of export was dkr.179,577 mill. in 1985 and dkr.321,185 in 1997. The
import-value was 191,563 mill. in 1985 and dkr.293,522 mill. in 1997. These
figures hide the price-changes in the period. In relation to globalization the distribution on
countries should be given the greatest attention.
The result
of the current entries of the balance of
payments has for the last 4 years shown a decrease from + dkr. 17,500 mill.
to -16,000 mill., with expected
–20,000 (1999), even though the balance
of trade decreased in the positive area from +50,000 mill. to less than
+20,000 mill. See why in the next under-section: Impact on foreign trade.
Foreign debt has become an unequivocable concept, as it should be called loan-debt when the 42 p.c. of Danish state-paper-debt has been sold in foreign countries (the Danish
National Bank reported, 1999). The competition of international financial
markets as a central part of globalization demands a change in this and in
other concepts too. The last mentioned debt-category has been called domestic debt. The total debt is still
increasing although it amounts to more than the total saleable production of
one year. Refering to the Capital-Balance in Statistical ten-year review 1999
(CD) the foreign net-debt (or loan-debt) was net. dkr. 243.5 billion
in 1985, and 280 billions in 1998. The foreign net debt of the public sector was 172 billions in 1985,
and 358 billions in 1998. State-paper-debt
made by the public sector amounts to
dkr. 399 billions in 1998, and it increased from 181 billions in 1985
(accounted in figures of the year). In the section Danish Government Borrowing and Debt some of the difficulties
reaching a reliable debt-account were mentioned.
The impact on foreign trade
The colored
diagrams on the first page of the enclosure illustrate the distribution of
foreign trade on nations and areas in 1985 and in 1997.
Import: The share of European countries has increased
from about 78.1 p.c. to about 82.1 p.c. The members of the European Union has
increased their share of this from 67.9 to 70.4. Holland increased its share
from 5.2 to 7.8 p.c., but Germany, Sweden, United Kingdom decreased the share respectively from 22.1 to 21.5, from 13.0 to
12.7, from 9.4 to 7.5. USA decreased its share from 5.9 to 5.1 p.c., and all
countries outside Europe decreased their share from 21.9 to 17.9.
Export: The share of European countries has increased
from 72.0 to 80.2 p.c. The members of the European Union have increased their
share from 59.6 to 65.0 p.c. Germany increased its share from 16.1 to 21.2 p.c.
United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway (outside the EU) decreased their share respectively from 12.2 to 9.7, from 12.1 to
11.3, from 6.7 to 6.2. USA decreased its share from 10.2 to 4.6, and all
countries outside Europe decreased their share from 28.0 to 19.7.
It is
difficult to maintain that either globalization or/and the integration of the
states in Europe with the so-called interior
market decided in 1986 have implied more trade until now, when you look at
the facts from Denmark. In the summer 1994 the BBC reported that the (British)
trade with rest of EU/EEC had decreased by 15 p.c. since the interior market was decided in 1986.
Product-groups:
Table 6 shows the indexed-quanta-distribution of import
and of export on product-groups and respectively the indexed-unit-value for
years 1985 and 1997.
Totally the
quanta of export and import have increased by nearly the same amount. The
import-quantum of Product for direct use increased
the most (224 p.c.), and the import-prices of these products fell a little. Machinery and capital equipment
increased in import-quantum, and prices went up too. The export-quantum of Industrial products increased, but
certainly not enough; the prices were the only export-prices that went higher.
The export-quantum of Agriculture-products
increased a little, but the prices fell. Fuelmaterials,
lubricating oil and electricity more than tripled its export-quantum, but
the prices fell to less than the half.
Import for direct use increased far too much, so did
import of Machinery and capital equipment.
The export of our expensive Industrial
products was far too weak caused by the national structure shown in section
1, as will be seen from the text below.
Education and research: Following the investigation of The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning
(see footnote no.9), A resume: "Denmark
is staggering up other countries according to 10 key-issues". "We are
far from making the results that should correspond to the fact that Denmark
already is one of the smallest markets with one of the highest
cost-levels".
"Denmark
represents the international mediocrity. It is due to wrong efforts for
decades. Denmark can not become domicile of the distinct knowledge-intensive
productions. Denmark has missed the chance of becoming a high-technological
industry nation".
"Denmark
"has to create" 100,000 jobs the next 15 years for people with
education of short dura-tion or educate them further, the Ministry of Trade
conclude in a worried analysis (The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning no. 36,
1996). The Ministries of Economy and of Finance prevented the publication of
this estimate and decided on thorough changes in a government-memorandum.
"Pure technical discussion", Minister of Economy Marianne Jelved
said. Unfortunately the conclusion in the memorandum did not harmonize with the
conclusion made in another memorandum from EU about the competition with
East-Europe earlier the same year".
Fundamental disagreement about the consequences
of the globalization.
Knowledge-economic
key-issues that The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning uses in its
analysis:
"1st
The number of teaching-hours in ground school. 2nd Level of
education in the population. 3rd The number of the employed in
high-technological areas in the industry. 4th The value of the
production in the private sector. 5th The number of research
scientists in the labor force. 6th National patent-applications in
relation to the number of inhabitants. 7th Investment in
information-technology, in percent of GDP. 8th Number of IT-patents
taken up in USA in relation to the national research- and
development-expenditures. 9th The total expenditures on research and
development. 10th Number of innovative businesses "
"The
1000 most important Danish businesses expect to invest dkr. 45 billions and set
up 50,000 jobs outside Denmark the next 5 years", an investigation made by
The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning reports.
"This is a dramatic slide, because businesses are estimated to have 30.000
employees abroad today".
"Top
businessmen are talking of moving out in big scale now. The firm Grundfoss will
move a greater part of its traditional pump production away from Denmark the
next 10 years. Chairman of the Board Niels Due Jensen warns against
investments-fallingbehind in the Danish education and research system. This may
imply fewer jobs in the year 2000 than today. The managing director Erik
Sørensen in the concern Christian Hansen – a big Danish laboratory-firm – said
that business may be forced to continue a greater part of its research and
development abroad, if the quality of the Danish graduates do not
improve".
"Worrying
outlines on all levels in competence-pyramid of Denmark
The
considerations in Christian Hansen – one the most successful businesses of
Denmark – con-tributes to impression that Denmark does not exploit the
possibilities sufficiently to build up competence in the international top
scale".
"The topical
signals of warning", The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning writes:
The
Government Welfare Commission said that Denmark was characterised by a small
share of employment in the high-technological lines in relation to other
OECD-countries".
"It
said that low contents of technology in the products in relation to other
OECD-countries characterised Denmark. Denmark’s resources in research is behind
the OECD-average. 50 p.c. decrease in the number of engineers in Denmark. A big
wastage at the universities. 30 p.c. of a youth-class do not get a
qualification-giving education. Big additional unemployment. Criticism of the
content and of the effect of the adult-educations. Growing criticism of the
results of ground school".
"High-technological and
knowledge-concentrated environments are not created just in the businesses, but
the foundation is created in research-areas, in the business-schools, and in
the early learning years. Knowledge-intensive jobs are an end product, where
the quality of what is going on in the kindergartens and in ground school also
matters and forms part of what can be called the competence-pyramid of Denmark.
It begins at the preschool-level, the kindergartens and the day nurseries, then
Ground school follows, then unskilled labor, high schools, business-education,
the more advanced studies, public and private research, methods of production
in industry and businesses, and at last the material end products of the economic
life".
"Series of hazard
flashers expose the signs of weakness
A
investigation by Denmark’s Pedagogical Institute shows that the children in the
Danish 1st – 3rd classes have the weakest
reading-development in the Nordic countries. In ground school the run-ning
expenditures per pupil increased 20 p.c. 1985-1994 without it is resulting in
more hours of education per pupil. At the same time there is a widespread
criticism of the results of the ground school. Denmark has a big additional
unemployment among people with an educations of shorter duration. At the same
time 30 p.c. of a youth-class do not get an education yielding
business-competence. About 10 p.c. of the students drop out of the more
advanced studies, and the annual uptake on the engineering studies has
decreased 50 p.c. 1985-1995"[11].
"The
are examples on all levels of how the Danish are too unambitious. Denmark is
not in uniquely bad position, but the possebilities are being lost", The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning wrote. An investigation
of how to create more well-paid knowledge-jobs has been made on the basis of
data supplied by OECD og the EU Commission".
"Lowest in
competence-pyramid the resultats are marked, Monday Morning writes
The Danish
ground school is at bottom level compared with other countries concerning the
number of teaching-hours of the pupils. The pupils receive relatively few
teaching-hours, but at the same time they are among the most expensive pupils
in the OECD-area. In Holland 9 years old are taught nearly twice as much as in
Denmark, at the same time the expenditures are about the half. More than 40
p.c. of population has only a ground school education to offer on the labor
market. In Germany this figure is less than 20 p.c. The modest level of
education in Denmark matches the employment in industry. In Denmark only a
little more than 10 p.c. are employed in high-technological production. OECD
has investigated the countries’ investments in information technology. The
Danish businesses are keeping up in relation to investements in research and
development; but only the half of the amount – in percent of GDP - of what is
used in Sweden is used here. Denmark is far from the OECD-elite measured in the
number of researchers per thousand inhabitants. Japan has twice the number of
research scientists compared with Denmark. Also Norway, Sweden and Finland have
a great deal more. The number of Danish patent-applications in relation to the
population is far below the OECD-average. In Denmark the number of applications
is one third the number in the other countries. The value of technology in the
private sector relative to GDP is lower in Denmark than in most other
OECD-countries. The figures show that the value is at the same level as Italy,
far lower than United Kingdom and Holland. The Danish level of costs is among
the highest in the world. According to The World Competiveness Yearbook 1995
published by IMD in Switzerland only 7 out of 43 countries have higher
wage-costs in industry. Even though the wage-costs are only one of the factors
involved in global competition the wage-level indicates high demands on
value-increase if the businesses wish to compete from a base in Denmark".
"The
inadequate development of competence on all levels in the competence-pyramid
indicates a risk that Denmark erodes its growth-potentiel. A more favourable
international position cannot be created in just a few years. International
research environments are built up e.g. over a longer span of years ".
"The Danish wealth of today has been
created on the basis of ventures in the past . The 10 key-figures indicate that
the run-down perhaps has begun already".
This was
the conclusion of The Weekly Newsletter
Monday Morning which is highly respected by the highest circles in the
Danish Parliament .
Quotations from this newsletter above has been
marked.
3.-7. IMPACT OF GLOBAL ECONOMY ON NATIONAL POLITICS, SOCIETY, CULTURE, FAMILY
(the
seven listed questiones cannot be replied and documented properly within 5-10
pages)
Ultra short :
·
The number of false or empty news items and
reports on TV are increasing day by day.
·
About 2000 laws were passed the Parliament
1998-1999. At least 70 p.c. was initated by the European Union.
·
The international monetary system (based on the
Bretton-Woods-Agreement from 1944) collapsed 29 years ago. A new and better one
– without stimulants which tempt re-election seeking politicians to put their
country in debt is sorely needed.
·
Politicians struggle to establish the EURO in
the United Kingdom, in Sweden and in Denmark also. To implement the ancient
dream of an European Superstate. This currency is only a new junk-currency made
up by confused politically correct civil servants in indebted deficit-nations.
It is the opposite of the English inspired voluntary ECU with a common emission-house.
·
Denmark has world record in taxation, is number
8 in high nominal wages, has the world record in both public sectorial doings
(of which one third are transfer-payments), nearly 1/3 of each newborn
generation end in abortions, and the number in suicides, the country is one of
the leaders in the world.
Agriculture as an example of EU-initiated Strangulation Refusal-Kill (through subsidy refusal), named the European Agricultural Structure Policy:
In a period from 1971 to 1993 the number of
farms was reduced from 137,100 to 71,600. The number of stocks of dairy cattle
fell from 86,000 in 1972 to 14,800 in 1995. The number of dairy cattle was
reduced from 1,125,000 in 1972 to 685,000 in 1994.
These facts can be read in Frihedsbrevet (The
letter of liberty) no. 6 Volume 1995 in the well-documented article 'The Lies
And The Reality' written by Kai Petersen, Varde. According to Kai Petersen 930
the number of farm bankruptcies in 1991 reached a record high of 930. In the
1980-1994 period only in one year (1980) the relative number of bankruptcies
were lower than in the worst years in the thirties.
8. Authorship
Name : Joern E. Vig
Position: M. Sc. (economics) director
Institutional
affiliation: (The Private) Information of
Denmark, section Info-Stat
Country: Denmark
Epiloque
If the gentle reader feels that what is written
above spells a prelude to disaster, he or she is not far from wrong. But
Economy is notoriously a science trying to find a system in chaos. No one can
know what the future will bring. We can only read the trends, and they are far
from promising.
As William Shakespeare wrote: "There is
something rotten in the state of Denmark".
*Everything has
failed. Let’s try the truth *
Information
of Denmark – Stadion Allé 48 – DK-8000 Aarhus C - Denmark
Tel/fax: (+45) 86 14 58 37
E-mail: eviginfo@aarhus.mail.telia.com
Info-Stat Web Site (English version): http://www.lilliput-information.com
Inclosure
(documentation and sources)
Diagrams showing the distribution of
import and of export on countries and areas
Table 1
Employment and labor force [12]
Employees in sector
(1,000 persons) and year. |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
1989 |
1990 |
1997 |
1998 |
Total number of employed |
2626.1 |
2605.7 |
2642.7 |
2700.5 |
Agriculture, fishing and mining |
153.8 |
145.4 |
114.6 |
111.2 |
Industry |
479.6 |
479.5 |
448.8 |
458.7 |
Energy- og water-supply |
16.3 |
17.3 |
16.8 |
16.4 |
Building and construction |
158.8 |
151.5 |
155.4 |
161.4 |
Trade, hotels- og restaurants |
471.1 |
469.4 |
497.8 |
506.8 |
Transport., post og telecommunication |
181.4 |
180.3 |
179,3 |
181,2 |
Financing, business-service |
288.8 |
281.9 |
292.3 |
305.3 |
Public and personal services |
876.3 |
880.3 |
937.8 |
959.6 |
of this: (continued from page 14) |
|
|
|
|
Public administration |
194.1 |
191.9 |
215.4 |
220.1 |
Teaching |
187.4 |
182.6 |
194.7 |
199.1 |
Heath Care |
145.5 |
151.1 |
157,3 |
162,2 |
Social Institutions |
241.2 |
243.6 |
241 |
246.3 |
Removal of refuse, unions and entertainments |
108.1 |
111.1 |
129.5 |
131.9 |
Table 1 A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Labor force and unemployed: Year: |
1985 |
1997 |
1998 |
|
Inside the labor force |
2833630 |
2863330 |
2868307 |
|
Employed |
2598392 |
2669658 |
2699314 |
|
Registered unemployed |
235238 |
193672 |
168993 |
|
Outside the labor force |
2277478 |
2411791 |
2426553 |
GDP's use
percent-distributed
Year |
1987 |
1997 |
Private consumption [13]
|
45.4 |
50.2 |
Public consumption [14] |
22.9 |
25.3 |
Constant gross-investements |
20.1 |
20.1 |
Import of products and services |
27.2 |
32.6 |
Saving, Dkr. billions
of the year (still provisional figures according to Statistical ten-year review 1999)
Year |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
Gross-Saving |
220.7 |
217.3 |
213.4 |
229.5 |
Consumption of stock of capital |
156.0 |
168.8 |
179.0 |
189.4 |
Net-Saving |
44.7 |
48.5 |
52.4 |
40.1 |
GDP, 1998: Dkr. 1,166 billions
Extracts of the public income and expenditure
sources (prices of the year) – p. c. of GDP
Year |
Public consumption |
Subsidies |
Transfer payments |
Duties |
Income- taxes |
Total public income |
1988 |
26.3 [15] |
2.1 |
17.1 |
18.3 |
30.3 |
58.2 |
1996 |
25.7 |
2.6 |
20.0 |
17.2 |
30.5 |
57.5 |
The financial
transactions of the state (mill.dkr.) by transaction and year – an extraction
Year |
1985… |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
Surplus/deficit on State-Account of running
and the capital expenditures and borrowing |
-26,338 |
-39,727 |
-31,250 |
-21,495 |
7,558 [16] |
Of this net interest |
-53,038 |
-41,635 |
-47,274 |
-49,879 |
-50,833 |
-Instalments of loan-debt (foreign) |
30,108 |
13,149 |
28,490 |
30,784 |
31,375 |
-Instalments of government-bonds |
48,161 |
50,451 |
48,366 |
38,685 |
24,920 |
-Redemption of state-debt-proofs |
28,800 |
22,509 |
56,090 |
37,998 |
56,464 |
Increase of Foreign gross-debt |
35,154 |
-17,581 |
12,703 |
28,370 |
25,057 |
Increase of Domestic gross-debt [17]
|
100,945 |
119,581 |
137,173 |
95,955 |
73,015 |
Drawings on the central bank |
195 |
33,517 |
21,587 |
2,625 |
2,028 |
Total financing |
137,701 |
135,517 |
171,463 |
126,950 |
100,100 |
Distribution of import and of export on
product-groups in 1985 and 1997 |
Quantum-index [18]
(1985=100) by product and year |
Unit-value-index (1985=100) by product and year |
||||
Year |
1985 |
1997 |
1985 |
1997 |
||
Total import |
100 |
166 |
100 |
91 |
||
Products chiefly for direct use |
|
|
|
|
||
in agriculture and market garden |
100 |
122 |
100 |
83 |
||
Products chiefly for direct use |
|
|
|
|
||
in firms of contractors |
100 |
167 |
100 |
107 |
||
Products for direct use |
|
|
|
|
||
in other trades of the town |
100 |
157 |
100 |
96 |
||
Fuelmaterials, lubricating oil, |
|
|
|
|
||
electricity |
100 |
92 |
100 |
50 |
||
Machinery and capital equipment (excl. |
|
|
|
|||
oil- and productions-platforms) |
100 |
164 |
100 |
109 |
||
Product chiefly for direct use |
100 |
224 |
100 |
94 |
||
Total Export
|
|
100 |
179 |
100 |
100 |
|
Animal agriculture-products
|
100 |
161 |
100 |
93 |
||
Vegetable agriculture-products |
100 |
102 |
100 |
93 |
||
Canned meat- and milk |
100 |
87 |
100 |
95 |
||
Industrial products (excl. canned milk and
meat, ships) |
100 |
186 |
100 |
108 |
||
Fish, crayfish and mollusc |
100 |
148 |
100 |
100 |
||
Raw furs |
100 |
129 |
100 |
68 |
||
Fuelmaterials, lubricating oil, electricity |
100 |
322 |
100 |
47 |
||
Exchange-Rate for export and import in 1985 and 1997. |
||||||
Year |
|
|
1985 |
1997 |
||
Unit-value-index of export |
|
|
100 |
100 |
||
Unit-value-index of import |
|
|
100 |
91 |
||
Exchange-rate |
|
|
100 |
109 |
||
Source:
Statistical ten-year review 1999
Sources:
1. Statistical ten-year-review 1999 – Danmarks Statistik – Copenhagen,
Denmark
2. Danish Government Borrowing and Debt 1995-1998 – Danmarks
Nationalbank – Copenhagen, Denmark
3. Ugebrevet Mandag Morgen nr. 4, 1993 og nr. 36, 1996 – Ugebrevet Mandag Morgen – Copenhagen, Denmark
4. Immigrants-load 1997 – Information of Denmark – Aarhus, Denmark
5. Unemployment, a proper account 1998 – Information of Denmark –
Aarhus, Denmark
+ various general articles on demography and demographical analyses on
the population of Denmark by the author.
INFO-STAT,
Joern E. Vig, Tel/fax: (+45) 86 14 58 37, Internet 08/03/99, 10/20/99.
E-mail:eviginfo@aarhus.mail.telia.com
Website:
www.lilliput-information.com
Foot-notes:
to Globalization and Economy
<>
INFO-STAT, Joern E. Vig, Tel/fax: (+45) 86 14 58 37,
Internet 08/03/99, 10/20/99, 04/02/02. e-mail: eviginfo@aarhus.mail.telia.com
[1] Statement: 9½ pages. Diagrams and tables of documentation, sources and foot-notes:
4½ pages.
[2] This has been properly
documented from more angles to the problem by the private Info-Stat headed by the author of this statement.
[3] This result has been adequately
documented in an proper analyse, see note no. 2.
[4] 1US$ was equivalent to 6.41dkr.
on 01/25/99. All amounts are accounted in prices of the year in this section.
[5] Most educated economists have
problems with a so-called "household-sector" refered to as a concept
involving production. We throught the household was defined as a
consuming-unit.
[6] Nearly every day we read that municipalities have to
increase the foreign borrowing. In the years 1991, 1992, 1993 the debt of the
municipalities was properly accounted and published : dkr. 78, 82, 93 billions.
[7] The reason why the number in
Tabel 5, first fow year 1997 is positive was that the state sold its shares in
the telephone-company Teledanmark to Ameritech for dkr. 31,4 billions. For the
year 1997 where the arbitrary Maastricht-claims had to be reached the Danish
state made swindle too. They accounted 13 months of income but 12 months of
expenditures. A member of The Finance Committee also told publicly that the
politicians of The Finance Committee made "some special arrangements"
in order borrow money on public plots in spite of fact that this had been
against the law until "the company arragement", in which the state
was a shareholder. The borrowed money made a better result on the public
finances. There is much more, and we could continue. It is not easy to understand
our Prime Minister, when he report in public: "The Danish economy is 200
strong".
[8] See Table 1 and my correction.
[9] See the approved source: The Weekly Newsletter Monday Morning
(Ugebrevet Mandag Morgen) no. 4, 1993.
[10] This has been properly proven
by Information of Denmark. Read source no. 4.
[11] Info-State: A contributing
explanation of this among other things is the reduced mathematic-level in the
gymnasium. In the late 1980s the Principal of the studies of graduate engineers
in Lundtofte, Denmark’s Technical University reported that students show up
necessary preparatory knowledge. E.g. vector-arithmetic – nescessary for
studies like Electronics and the Statics – have been removed, obviously because
many students found it too difficult.
[12] Employees on leave are not
included.
[13] Transfer-payments (20.0 p.c. of
GDP in 1997, compare Table 2 and Table 4) are included in the private
consumption.
[14] 22,9 in 1987 (Table 2) does
certainly not match the corresponding 26,3
in 1988 in Table 4. We have checked
our reading and all asumptions according to this source: Statistical ten-year review 1999.
[15] Read foot-note no. 14
[16] Read foot-note no. 7
[17] In the period 1985-1989:
dkr.1,623 mill. (entry: locked-up savings)
have be added.
[18] Both quantum- and value-index
have a few weaknesses and inaccuracies mentioned in the source: Statistical ten-year review 1999. They illustrate a few of the problems perfectly.